Sixth book of the research on immigration by José Eduardo Heflinger Jr., with documental texts of the nineteenth century in Portuguese, Gothic German, and French that were translated into English.

1. Childhood Recollections of Carlota Schmidt in Ibicaba (Portuguese-German)

2. Ibicaba: the Cradle of Private European Immigration (Portuguese-German)

3. The Rebellion of the Sharecroppers in Ibicaba (Portuguese-English)                                                                                      

“Everyone received a booklet, where we write down what is received, what is paid and what is still owed. That same day the division of the plantations and coffee trees was carried out. Coffee is planted like grapevines. The trees look like cute little bushes, with leaves like a pear tree’s, they are about 8 feet (around 2,5 m) high and are also planted the same distance apart from one another. When the coffee is ripe, it is pretty to see, it grows almost like cherries, but without the stems. The fruits are about the same size, round and red like a cherry. We have nearly 2,250 trees to care for and harvest. The credits for picking the coffee were distributed as well, at the rate of 0,5 franc for each alqueire, which is a measure of nearly five quartals.”                                                                                                                                                                                                              Esbeth Jost
                       

 

4. Then the Italians Arrived (Portuguese-English)                                                                                                                

“In 1923, he bought ‘Cia. de Força e Luz de Ponta Grossa’ one of the main centers in the state of Paraná. There, he constituted ‘Cia. Prada de Eletricidade’ with a capital of two thousand contos de réis. He was a great proponent and advocate of the Italian electro technical material at a time when Brazil did not know the capacity of its native steel industry yet.”                 Heflinger Jr.

 

5. Historical Farms in the Province of São Paulo (Portuguese-English)                                                                                     

 “The entire construction seems to have been prepared to receive the visit of Emperor Pedro II, who was at the location twice. The construction has also made evident the employment of the qualified labor of European immigrants, who with their technical expertise and artistic gifts, greatly contributed to the beautification and sophistication of the rural properties. The house and garden, a grotto built by slaves, a stone stream, the thermae, constitute a harmonious set framed by imperial palm trees translating the life style propitiated by the coffee wealth. Morro Azul Farm reached its apogee in the 1880s.”                      Heflinger Jr.

 

6. The Sharecropping System and the European Immigration (Portuguese-English)   

 “In just one decade (1847-1857), Vergueiro & Company transferred over sixty thousand European immigrants to numerous coffee producers. Based on the reports by Dr. Heusser, chief judge Manoel de Jesus Valdetaro, jurist Sebastião Machado Nunes, Mr. Jean Jackes Tschudi, on diplomatic correspondence, on documents from the Swiss Confederation, from the Chamber of Deputies of Rio de Janeiro, and numerous Brazilian, Portuguese, German and Swiss archives, we have found data on the constitution of thirty-nine sharecropping colonies in the Province of São Paulo.”              Heflinger Jr.    

 

 

launching of “The Sharecropping System and the European Immigration”:
from left, Marcos Fernandes, Irene Sinnecker, Myrian Ricotta, Jenifer Lates,
José Eduardo Heflinger Jr., Swiss Consul Francois Duvanel

7. Destination of the Sharecropping Colonies in São Paulo Province (Portuguese-English)

8. A Remarkable Tale of German Immigration (Portuguese-English)